Internet of Things–Based Systems for Smart Environmental Monitoring

Daniel Koh Jian Ming

Internet of Things–Based Systems for Smart Environmental Monitoring

Author(s)	Dr. Daniel Koh Jian Ming
Country	United States
Abstract	Environmental monitoring increasingly requires continuous, geographically distributed, and timely observation of rapidly changing conditions. Conventional periodic monitoring can provide scientifically valuable measurements, but limited sampling frequency, manual data retrieval, and delayed communication may restrict the speed with which environmental anomalies are detected. Internet of Things technologies offer an alternative architecture in which networked sensors, embedded processors, gateways, wireless communication, edge or cloud analytics, and automated alerts operate as an integrated monitoring system. This study examines the potential of Internet of Things–based systems for smart environmental monitoring through a conceptual review and a reproducible synthetic simulation. Four representative monitoring domains are evaluated: air quality, water quality, environmental noise, and microclimate conditions. Twenty thousand synthetic environmental events are generated for each domain using a fixed random seed. A periodic single-node monitoring configuration is compared with an adaptive IoT multi-node architecture employing three complementary sensing nodes, two-of-three event confirmation, networked transmission, and local buffering. The simulated timely-alert delivery rate increases from 60.67% to 92.87% for air-quality monitoring, from 52.64% to 90.33% for water-quality monitoring, from 65.73% to 93.84% for noise monitoring, and from 71.92% to 96.06% for microclimate monitoring. Simulated data completeness also exceeds 96% across the IoT configurations. The results illustrate the potential advantages of distributed sensing, redundancy, adaptive event detection, and real-time communication, while also emphasizing that field performance depends on sensor calibration, power management, network reliability, cybersecurity, environmental exposure, and long-term maintenance. The study concludes that IoT can significantly strengthen environmental intelligence when sensing infrastructure is designed as a reliable end-to-end monitoring ecosystem rather than as a collection of independent connected devices.
Keywords	: Internet of Things, environmental monitoring, wireless sensor networks, smart environment, air quality, water quality, sensor networks, environmental intelligence
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 1, Issue 3, May-June 2019
Published On	2019-06-28

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American International Journal of Research and Innovation

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Internet of Things–Based Systems for Smart Environmental Monitoring

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